hero media

Christine Manfield on eating in India

One of Australia’s most celebrated chefs, Christine Manfield has been eating her way around India for more than two decades. She shares her favourite Indian eats with International Traveller.

India, how do you describe it?

A India to me is the never-ending story. It doesn’t matter how much you explore and how much you think you know, it’s unlimited what it throws at you every single time.

India in a moment is just colour – it’s just the vibrancy and the psychedelic colours that just jump out at you – it’s different to anywhere else.

It polarises people but I think it really depends on your attitude, your curiosity, your expectations and your sense of adventure. You can’t sum it up in one word.

It’s got that sort of timelessness to it. Money is irrelevant. I think India does teach you a lot of humility and I think that’s probably what confronts some people, it can be hard to do that.

It’s interesting, because it is a country in transformation?

A Yes, it is. And that’s the thing, you can’t just go there as a middle-class white person and go: “Oh, that poor person is living on the street". They’ve got incredible dignity and if you go on the streets at dawn and see people who live there, they’re clean, immaculate, they bathe, and it’s the whole ritual – that real self respect.

What do you think are the great dining experiences of India?

A Often it’s on the street. When I take people travelling I try and thread that into some of their food experiences, it just depends on their bravery, and of the group, too.

What are some of your favourite street food experiences?

A Well, you can’t go to Mumbai without hitting the streets and having the Bhel Puri – particularly at sunset.

And there are all different sorts of kebabs thanks to the Muslim culture and the legacy that was brought into the country with the Moguls.

There are great kebabs in Delhi and Mumbai. In particular Bade Miya is in Mumbai. It’s in a little laneway down in Colaba just near the Taj Hotel. It comes alive at night, and it’s just mayhem. During the day it’s a little alleyway, nothing happening sort of thing, and then at night the street carts are set up and they cook the best kebabs and the most amazing rumali handkerchief bread. That’s all you get, bread, meat and the chutney to go on it. I make it a wandering sort of feast where you go to other places in the area.

There’s another one in Delhi that I love, Aap Ki Khatir. It’s almost under the flyover in Medine, which is the Muslim area. In the daytime it looks like Goodyear or Bob Jane, it’s where you go and buy all your car tyres. At night they just push those tyres back against the wall, and out come the mobile barbecues, the boys put their Muslim caps on and they just cook extraordinary meat.

In Hyderabad, you have to have butter dosa which is only on the street and it’s only from one vendor who moves around. I was with Monisha, my guide in Hyderabad, and even she has to ask the locals, you know, “where’s Govind’s? It used to be on this street". “No, no, no, just go here, there". Everyone is so helpful and most of the time they walk you there so there’s never a problem. And then they’re like wide eyed because these whities or westerners are coming.

In the south, in Ko Chi you have to have breakfast on the street. There’s a little breakfast cart down near the Chinese fishing nets in Fort Ko Chi in the old part, and they just do all the Iddiyappams like the rice breads, a little pot of curry and tea. And it’s all men, it’s interesting, it’s always all men that are hanging around there. Women do everything behind the scenes, but the public cooking is generally done by men.

Where do you stay when you travel in India?

A I choose where to stay according to how good the women cook. In Varanasi, the Ganges View. Annapurna is the matriarch of the house. She’s 92, and she’s this little thing the size of a Sao biscuit, skinny as and she sits on the bench cross legged. She’s got the ‘young boy’, who’s about 60 and has obviously worked with her for years who does all the chopping. I’ve sat in the kitchen with her and as she’s babbled away, and I understand from what she’s doing and a bit of interpretation here and there. It’s hysterical watching what she’s cooking. But she is just so bright!

Some of the palaces in Rajasthan, for example, are pretty awesome. Falaknuma Palace in Hyderabad is so freaking over the top it’s not funny. When you arrive you are taken right up the hill on a horse-drawn carriage with musicians playing. It’s been beautifully restored at an absolute fortune. If you want to feel like a princess then that’s a good place to start. India delivers at the top end like there’s no tomorrow. People don’t expect that, it’s just jaw dropping. That’s part of the thrill of creating an itinerary.
I just say it’s a Fuckarwe moment, you know, where the fuck are we? Because it’s so unexpected. For me it’s a very easy country to be able to show off to people. And whether it’s the simplicity of a beautiful farm house, say, like in the backwaters of Kerala, or up in the tea plantations out of Darjeeling, or in Sikkim or whatever, you know, right up in Himalayas up in the Ladakh.

[In Ladakh]. You’re driving at about 5600 metres high, we’re higher than Everest Base Camp, and you’re just clinging to the side of this mountain and there’s snow, it’s like driving through a glacier. They’ve got apricot orchards for days which you wouldn’t expect, and so they do a million and one things with apricots. You go into shops in Leh and there’s everything imaginable done with an apricot.

Leti is another place. That’s actually owned by a company called Shakti. All their properties are in the Himalayas, so what they do in Sikkim and Ladakh is lease out village houses, and they’re beautiful and in the most spectacular locations. They built four spectacular pavilions in this stone aesthetic that is all glass – you just lie there and just look out in the morning up at Nanda Devi. Everything had to be carried up and it’s a four-and-a-half hour walk from the end of the road.

Another place that I love is the temple complex at Kharujaho. It’s a 40-minute flight south of Varanasi. I’ve never seen temples like it. It just blows everything I’ve seen out of the water. This entire city of perfectly-intact Hindu temples from the third to the 15th Century. We [the tour] will be spending two days there because it’s just so rich and so beautiful.
There are hidden treasures, and a lot of areas that still haven’t been explored. Orissa, which is a part of the world that no-one goes to, it’s not even on the radar in India, and I met a woman in Jabalpur and she’s developing heritage experiences and hotels in Orissa.

What are some of your tips to travelling in India?

A I say to people: “How much time have you got"? And then usually tell them concentrate on one area. It’s like trying to do Europe in a week, it’s the same sort of thing. Just have a base and explore, get yourself a driver that speaks English, they can act as your guide, I would call that an essential thing to do travelling in India. I never did it as a backpacker, thank God.

What is a tour with Christine Manfield really like?

A Often I have to go in ahead and just make sure that the cooks, or the chefs are not dumming it down because they think it’s for Westerners. Sometimes you have to be quite tough in those negotiations as well, because they think you want the touristy stuff and won’t handle the local food. We see the diversity and the variety of food experiences, and keep them real. So we don’t do tourist food.

**Christine’s sub-continental journeys have been captured in her celebrated cook and travel book Tasting India, available from quality bookstores and Christine’s acclaimed Sydney restaurant Universal. You can also join Christine on a Tasting India culinary journey of Kerala, Goa and Hyderabad. epicurioustravel.com.au

Want to see more stories from International Traveller in your Google search results?

  1. Click here to set International Traveller as a preferred source.
  2. Tick the box next to "International Traveller". That's it.
hero media

These community homestays are changing how travellers experience Nepal

    After youth-led protests in 2025, this year Nepal elected a 35-year-old former rapper as Prime Minister. In a country where tourism is its biggest industry, what’s next for travellers? 

    In 1986, Nepal changed its clock. It had used India Standard Time since 1920 so, to differentiate, it wound its clock 15 minutes ahead of, not behind, its big-brother neighbour. Boss move. “Nepal is strongly opposed to the idea that our identity is connected to India,” says Community Homestay Network (CHN) guide Bikal Khanal.  

    Tharu dance
    Tharu dance is traditionally set to hand drums. (Credit: Kate Lewis)

    Today, Nepal is the only independent country with a 45-minute deviation to universal time; an oddity that’s become a symbol of national pride. The quirk is nearly as endearing as Kathmandu’s Tribhuvan airport where carved varnished wood and shiny red bricks rule. One sign points to a ‘Travelator’ and another to a ‘Grievance Handling Desk’ while visas are noisily stamped at customs for US dollars, cash only. When am I?  

    Nepal gray langur
    Spot the endemic Nepal gray langur. (Credit: Simon Urwin)

    The 15 or 45 minute anomaly sees me tap out completely on timezone calculations. Why bend my brain calculating if it’s quarter to or quarter past elsewhere when I’m in the honking here and now of Kathmandu where the air is high-altitude crisp, the prayer flags flutter and the street dogs howl?  

    How tourism is changing in Nepal

    Bardiya National Park
    Bardiya National Park is rich with wildlife. (Credit: Simon Urwin)

    India is not the only association many Nepalis would like to shake. With eight of the world’s 10 tallest mountains, including Mount Everest and Annapurna, Nepal has long attracted mountaineers and trekkers, and expedition numbers are continuing to rise.  

    Tourism is one of the country’s biggest sources of foreign currency, so this growth is not negative, per se. But according to Ang Tshering Lama, who co-founded Phaplu Mountain Bike Club, being reduced to a mere trekking destination is limiting.  

    “Trekking is just one layer of our identity,” says Ang. “When it becomes the dominant narrative, it limits how we’re seen and how we see ourselves.” Nepal’s recent success, however, in diverting trekkers to less-trafficked areas such as Manaslu mofuntain, where visitor numbers rose by 117 per cent last year, offers hope that tourism can diversify even more radically.   

    Local men in Bhada village
    Local men in Bhada village. (Credit: Simon Urwin)

    The founder of CHN, Shiva Dhakal, wants that change. “The whole idea of the Community Homestay Network is to promote experiences outside of trekking,” he says. “Community tourism changes lives and helps kids stay home instead of coming to the city or migrating to the Middle East.”  

    Ang grew up seeing people leave, “not because they wanted to but because there weren’t enough opportunities to stay”, he states. Yet from remote villages to living traditions; food, art, music and emerging subcultures, “there’s so much that’s not being seen.” 

    CHN is opening some of those doors. It doesn’t own, or fund, any homes. Rather, it promotes homestays to travellers on a single, slick platform, while fostering entrepreneurship in places where women, marginalised castes, Indigenous people and the youth stand to benefit the most.  

    A new generation demanding more

    Dalla Town Hall
    Dalla Town Hall, where volunteers discuss anti-poaching tactics. (Credit: Bheem Thapa)

    The future prospects of next-gen Nepalis can no longer be ignored. On a Kathmandu tour with 33-year-old guide Monica K.C, we pass buildings torched in the September 2025 ‘Gen Z protests’, including the Supreme Court and Parliament House. Seventy-two people died. “They were anti-corruption protests,” says Monica. “Politicians’ children are living a lavish life but the airports are crowded with youngsters leaving to find work.”  

    We stop in ‘little Tibet’ at the wondrous sixth-century Boudha Stupa. “The wheel of life is Buddhism in a nutshell,” says Monica. “Things such as hate, ignorance and anger keep you rotating around the wheel, so you must follow the principles of Buddhism to detach. If you can’t, there’s no nirvana for you.”  

    Boudha Stupa's prayer wheels
    Boudha Stupa’s prayer wheels are used to recite Buddhist prayers. (Credit: Kate Lewis)

    In a sun-drenched twist to the usual temple visit, we ascend the stupa’s sloping plinth and roam its whitewashed dome. Tendrils of diaphanous prayer flags stream from a steeple-like structure where the Buddha’s unblinking eyes stare out. No nirvana for you… 

    bouda stupa prayer flags
    Tibetan-style prayer flags embellish the whitewashed dome of Bouda Stupa, a Buddhist temple. (Credit: Kate Hennessy)

    The dome is delightfully free of guard rails or chiding from security. There is, however, a stern ‘No TikTok’ sign, perhaps in response to the youth’s newly flexed power. The booted-out Prime Minister, K.P. Sharma Oli, was replaced in a resounding election victory in March by 35-year-old Balendra Shah of the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP) – a former rapper and mayor of Kathmandu. The RSP’s manifesto indicates tourism is a priority, and that Nepal’s cultural identity in areas such as gastronomy will be strengthened.  

    Boudha Stupa vendors
    Vibrant souvenir shops and cafes around Boudha Stupa. (Credit: Kate Hennessy)

    A more confronting stop awaits at Pashupatinath Temple. Today is Bala Chaturdashi, a Hindu festival where thousands of devotees gather to honour their dead ancestors. Vendors hauling foam mattresses do a lucrative trade as people set up for a night of vigil. This includes burning the bodies of recently deceased relatives on bamboo pyres in the Bagmati River, which flows into the sacred Ganges.  

    A woman at annual Hindu festival Bala Chaturdashi
    A woman at annual Hindu festival Bala Chaturdashi, in Kathmandu. (Credit: Kate Hennessy)

    Wrapped in a shroud, the bodies are positioned with their heads facing north to the Himalayas where Lord Shiva resides. They’re covered with flowers and straw and set alight by male family members.  

    Hours later, the ashes are swept into the river where devotees will take a holy dip the next day. As much as Monica assures us it’s not voyeuristic to watch, I struggle to do so. “Here you see the reality of life because everyone ends up there,” she says, gesturing to the river.  

    Life unfiltered in the Terai region

    tharu woman
    Tharu woman and master weaver Parbati Chaudhary in Bhada Village. (Credit: Bheem Thapa)

    The reality of life needs processing time, which the western Terai region delivers in spades. The Terai is largely separated from India by the Karnali River and Bardiya National Park, where elephants, rhinos and the elusive Bengal tiger roam.  

    Once a nomadic tribe, the Indigenous Tharu people are now the largest ethnic group here. “They didn’t know their daily life was interesting for international travellers but they’re starting to understand now,” says CHN founder Shiva.  

    safari through Bardiya National Park
    Take a Jeep safari through Bardiya National Park. (Credit: Bheem Thapa)

    We fly Buddha Air to Dhangadhi airport and drive five hours to stay in Tharu homes. The journey to Bhada village is a blur of roadside fruit stalls, traffic-stopping sacred cows and fields sown with wheat, rice, mustard, spinach, cauliflower and potatoes. Nepal’s agriculture feeds only Nepal.  

    Marigolds
    Marigolds are an important part of Hindu rituals. (Credit: Simon Urwin)

    “The only thing we export is young people,” says our guide Bikal. As the light dims and we plunge evermore rural, mysterious mounds of compacted hay – some house-sized – loom like the creatures from Where The Wild Things Are. Even our trusty driver gets flummoxed by a dirt road that abruptly ends and we find ourselves hurtling across a paddock.  

    On arrival, some are ferried to mud-walled cottages greened by gourd creepers, with thatched roofs and rustic-chic mosquito nets. Myself and two others are ushered to the home of corner store owner, mechanic and mushroom farmer Man Kumar Chilaruwa and his wife Rajkumari.  

    community homestay entrance
    A warm welcome at a community homestay. (Credit: Simon Urwin)

    They escort us to a bunker-esque back building with steel doors and a folding security gate, behind which is gleaming linoleum, dolphin-printed tiles and a shower cavity that must be gingerly stepped through to reach the toilet.  

    The ceiling lights emit a rainbow of colours (the bathroom light gets stuck in, frankly, a quite frightening red). We’re nevertheless touched that our hosts invested in all this bling when the average salary is around $275 a month.  

    In the coming days, we participate in Tharu traditions such as making moonshine, dancing, weaving straw handicrafts and gold-panning. We’re fed well with staples of rice, mustard greens, lentil pancakes, daal, curried chicken and tomato chutney served on antibacterial saal leaves.  

    food at community homestay
    Dig in. (Credit: Kate Hennessy)

    Sonara community homestay president Indradevi Tharu tells us river snails are often served, and the boiled and pickled flesh of rats hunted in the rice fields. “Perhaps next time?” we say and all have a laugh.  

    The power of community homestays 

    community homestay owners in Nepal
    Barda community homestay owners Parbati Chaudhary and Ram Krishni Devi Chaudhary. (Credit: Simon Urwin)

    Immersing Western visitors in foreign cultural practices is not new. But with the Tharu, I never get that uneasy sensation that I’m being performed for. Despite being the only tourists, there’s no ‘othering’; just warm, composed and ultra-dignified welcomes. Like we’ve always been here.  

    “I love to have travellers in my village so I can see the world,” says local woman Parbati Chaudhary. “Why would I travel the world when the world comes to me?” 

    The graceful acceptance the Tharu offer, as well as the slow pace, works miracles on my frazzled nervous system. One day I even take a nap on a vacant homestay bed. 

    Sonara community room
    An authentic stay in the Sonara community. (Credit: Kate Hennessy)

    Roosters strut and goats bray as we sit on the ground in al fresco kitchens, rolling rice flour into cylinders steamed to make dhikri (dumplings). When water is needed, we fetch it using a hand-operated pump as a family of ducks strolls by, side-eying us like curious neighbours.  

    Animal lovers will delight in Tharu villages. Kind and resourceful inventions are everywhere, such as snacking stations where two posts lean together, with leafy boughs dangling on rope for baby goats to forage from.  

    CHN’s CEO, Aayusha Prasain, nods knowingly when one in our group says she cried when she left her host, Shayam Chaudhary, in Bhada. Shayam’s 17-year-old son, Prashant, had translated, which deepened the connection.  

    “Community tourism turns travel into a relationship, not a transaction,” says Aayusha. “It places decision-making power in the hands of local communities, especially women and youth.” Since 2018, CHN has hosted more than 4000 travellers from 52 countries in 408 households, and estimates women’s participation has increased by 381 per cent.  

    Elephant watch
    Elephant watch. (Credit: Simon Urwin)

    In the Bardiya community, where vexing human-animal conflict has been a balancing act for decades due to elephants raiding crops, long-time homestay operator Salik Ram Chaudhary says young people keep the older ones on their toes.  

    Gathering greens
    Gathering greens. (Credit: Bheem Thapa)

    “We can’t keep homestays stagnant,” he says. “We have to upgrade our service and redefine our product or young people won’t see it as an attractive business. If we can keep evolving with this travelling trend we’re confident the youths will stay and continue it.” 

    Back in Kathmandu, Monica explains that after the deaths of young protestors in September, a determination had spread to not let their sacrifice be in vain. “We want to keep holding the government accountable,” she says. “We don’t know what situation we’re facing, but we’re ready to face it.”  

    Interested in Nepal but prefer to experience it in total comfort? Read our guide to luxury travel in Nepal

    Christine Manfield on eating in India - International Traveller Magazine